甲状腺相关眼病免疫相关发病机制的研究现状与进展

甲状腺相关眼病（thyroid associated ophthalmopathy，TAO）是Graves病最常见的甲状腺腺外表现，主要表现为上眼睑退缩、水肿、眶周组织红斑和眼球突出，进一步发展可影响患者视力甚至导致失明。TAO的发病机制不完全清楚，由多种因素共同影响，但是目前患者自身免疫的功能异常是TAO的主要发病因素。本文将从细胞免疫、自身抗原和自噬这几个方面阐述TAO免疫相关发病机制研究的现状与进展，为临床工作和相关研究提供参考。     

Rituximab therapy is more effective than cyclophosphamide therapy for Japanese patients with anti‐topoisomerase I‐positive systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease

Systemic sclerosis‐associated interstitial lung disease (SSc‐ILD) is the most frequent cause of death for SSc but there is still no sufficient treatment available. Although cyclophosphamide (CYC) therapy is a common treatment which has shown statistical efficacy against SSc‐ILD to date, its effects are temporary and not enough. Rituximab (RTX), the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, has recently shown efficacy in many autoimmune diseases. In SSc‐ILD, RTX is also considered to be one of the novel treatment candidates. However, studies of SSc‐ILD in Japanese treated with RTX have only a few case reports. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively compared nine patients treated with RTX and 30 patients treated with CYC to investigate the efficacy of RTX treatment for Japanese anti‐topoisomerase I‐positive SSc‐ILD patients. At the 24‐month evaluation, the improvement rates of percent predicted of forced vital capacity and percent predicted of diffusing capacity of the lung carbon monoxide in the RTX‐treated group were significantly higher than those in the CYC‐treated group (20.6 ± 8.8% vs 1.1 ± 3.9%; P < 0.05 and 34.0 ± 6.0% vs ?1.5 ± 2.8%; P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, skin thickness scores also showed a marked improvement from 13.5 points before the start of treatment to 5.8 points after 24 months by RTX therapy (P < 0.05). These results suggest that RTX treatment is more effective for Japanese SSc‐ILD patients than CYC treatment. In the future, it is expected that large‐scale clinical trials will show the usefulness of RTX treatment for SSc‐ILD.     

脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2与脑梗死患者颈部动脉粥样硬化斑块的关系

目的 探讨脑梗死患者血清脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2（lipoprotein-related phospholipase A2，Lp-PLA2）及 超敏C反应蛋白（hi gh-sensitivity C-reactive protein，hs-CRP）水平与颈部动脉粥样硬化性斑块的关系。 方法 选择2017年1月-2018年3月郑州市第三人民医院诊断为脑梗死的患者243例，另外选择同期 体检的无脑梗死患者120例作为对照组。2组研究对象均检测血清Lp-PLA2、hs-CRP水平。依据颈部动 脉超声检查结果将脑梗死患者进一步分为无斑块组、稳定斑块组和易损斑块组。 结果 ①脑梗死患者的血清Lp-PLA2（[ 180.04±35.02）ng/mL vs（152.13±39.67）ng/mL，P=0.014]、 hs-CRP[（10.02±0.47）mg/L vs（2.64±0.33）mg/L，P =0.017]水平高于对照组。②稳定斑块组 （[ 162.96±11.34）ng/mL，P=0.013]和易损斑块组（[ 197.79±32.56）ng/mL，P=0.004]Lp-PLA2水平高 于无斑块组（[ 143.67±12.35）ng/mL]；易损斑块组Lp-PLA2水平高于稳定斑块组（P=0.007），差异均 有统计学意义。③易损斑块组血清hs-CRP水平[（12.86±1.67）mg/L]高于稳定斑块组[（10.82±0.53） mg/L，P=0.029]及无斑块组（[ 9.54±0.47）mg/L，P=0.037]，差异有统计学意义。 结论 在脑梗死患者中，血清Lp-PLA2与hs-CRP可能与颈部动脉粥样硬化斑块的发生及其不稳定性 有关。     

Cytologic and histologic samples from patients infected by the novel coronavirus 2019 SARS-CoV-2: An Italian institutional experience focusing on biosafety procedures

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, spread around the globe with dramatic and lethal effects. From the initial Chinese epicenter, the European diaspora taxed the resources of several countries and especially those of Italy, which was forced into a complete social and economic shutdown. Infection by droplets contaminating hands and surfaces represents the main vehicle of diffusion of the virus. The common and strong efforts to contain the pandemic have relevant effects on the management of samples from histopathology laboratories. The current commentary reports and focuses on the protocols and guidelines in use at a large tertiary Italian hospital that accordingly are proposed for adoption in Italian laboratories as a potential model for national guidelines for the coronavirus emergency.     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎用药规律研究

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情发展迅速,危害严重,目前尚无特效药,而中医药在此疫情中发挥了积极的作用。该研究通过收集国家、各省、自治区和直辖市发布的诊疗方案,及中国知网、万方、维普三大数据库相关文献报道,全面系统整理现代中医治疗COVID-19的处方,并通过中医传承辅助平台V2.5,确定处方中用药的四气、五味、归经、使用频次、药物之间的关联规则及形成的新处方等。最终纳入有效处方96首,其中四气主要集中在温、寒、平,五味主要集中在苦、辛、甘,归经主要集中在肺、胃、脾经;使用高频次药物为甘草、杏仁、生石膏等;高频次药物组合为生石膏-杏仁,生石膏-甘草,甘草-杏仁等;核心组合有葶苈子-杏仁-生石膏,藿香-生姜-厚朴,麦冬-杏仁-黄芩等;形成新处方葶苈子、杏仁、生石膏、藿香、生姜、厚朴,麦冬、杏仁、黄芩、五味子、西洋参等。从药性到高频药物及新处方可以看出,我国现代中医治疗COVID-19的整体治则为扶正祛邪,兼顾气阴。     

白虎汤加减对老年脑卒中相关性肺炎血清降钙素原及淋巴细胞亚群改变的影响

目的研究白虎汤加减对老年脑卒中相关性肺炎患者血清降钙素原及淋巴细胞亚群改变的影响。方法选择60例老年脑卒中相关性肺炎患者,分组按照随机数字表法,将60例患者随机均分为两组。两组均给予脑卒中中后预防治疗,对照组给予哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠;观察组在此基础上给予白虎汤加减。观察记录两组治疗效果,并检测患者治疗前后PCT、CRP、WBC水平和淋巴细胞亚群的改变。结果在总有效率结果方面,观察组96.67%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者PCT、CRP、WBC计数明显降低,观察组显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗后,观察组CD3^+及CD4^+水平均明显高于对照组,CD4^+/CD8^+明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论白虎汤加减能有效改善老年脑卒中相关性肺炎患者血清降钙素原及淋巴细胞亚群水平,疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

The relationships among monocyte subsets,miRNAs and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction

Background

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) causes irreversible myocardial damage and release of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines and miRNAs. We aimed to investigate changes in the levels of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10), miRNAs profiles (miR-146 and miR-155) and distribution of different monocyte subsets (CD14++CD16-, CD14++CD16+, CD14+CD16++) in the acute and post-healing phases of AMI.

新型冠状病毒肺炎的中西医防治研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)归属中医"疫病",主要病位在肺,主要病机为"湿、毒",治疗上解毒化湿贯穿始终。新冠肺炎的主要诊断方法为核酸检测,《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第七版)》新增加了血清学检测。中医药在新冠肺炎的预防方面具有很大优势,如中医预防方、香囊、针灸、中国传统功法、食疗、足浴、熏蒸等。在新冠肺炎的治疗过程中,中西医结合疗法效果明显,在缓解患者早期临床症状,减少患者轻症向重症、重症向危重症转化的发生率方面具有重要价值。目前尚无治疗新冠肺炎的特效药,对新冠肺炎的认识尚不完整,因此,文章从新冠肺炎的诊断、预防和治疗3个角度出发,探讨了对新冠肺炎中西医方面的认识,为进一步明确新冠肺炎的诊疗提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎免疫治疗药物托珠单抗的作用机制及安全性风险分析

目的分析托珠单抗的安全性风险,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法对世界卫生组织药品不良反应监测数据库、我国药品不良反应监测数据库、国内文献数据库中的不良反应报告情况及国外药监机构风险控制措施等相关资料进行整理与分析。结果应重视托珠单抗临床使用中可能发生的肝功能异常、皮肤损害、过敏反应、胃肠道损害、感染、血液系统损害等不良反应。结论托珠单抗临床使用中,应加强对严重感染及肝功能损害等严重不良反应的安全性监测,促进药品的临床合理使用。